Development of an IoT-Based Smart Parking Management System for Shopping Centers in Birnin Kebbi LGA, Kebbi State
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Background of the study:
Rapid urbanization and the rising number of vehicles in urban centers have led to significant challenges in managing parking spaces, especially in busy shopping centers. In Birnin Kebbi LGA, Kebbi State, the surge in commercial activities has increased the demand for parking, resulting in congestion and inefficient use of available spaces. IoT-based smart parking management systems offer a novel solution by automating detection, allocation, and management of parking spaces in real time (Umar, 2023). These systems employ sensors, data analytics, and wireless communication to monitor occupancy, guide drivers to available spots, and streamline the parking process. Traditional systems suffer from inaccurate occupancy data and delayed responses during peak times, which contributes to traffic congestion and diminishes consumer experience (Ibrahim, 2024). By contrast, IoT-based solutions offer dynamic updates and predictive analytics, enabling optimal utilization of parking spaces while reducing the time drivers spend searching for a spot (Olalekan, 2025). This integration aligns with global smart city trends, where technology is leveraged to improve urban services. In Birnin Kebbi LGA, adopting such a system can set a precedent for other urban centers facing similar issues. Additionally, smart parking systems can be integrated with mobile applications, allowing users to check availability, reserve spots, and even process payments digitally, thereby enhancing overall user convenience. With the potential to reduce traffic congestion and environmental pollution, IoT-based smart parking represents a crucial step towards sustainable urban development. The ability to collect and analyze real-time data further supports adaptive management strategies that respond to varying demands throughout the day or during special events, contributing significantly to improved urban mobility (Bello, 2023).
Statement of the problem:
Shopping centers in Birnin Kebbi LGA are experiencing severe parking management challenges due to increasing vehicle numbers and outdated traditional systems. The current methods lead to prolonged search times for parking spaces, causing congestion both within and around the centers. This inefficiency frustrates consumers and hampers smooth traffic flow, increasing the risk of accidents (Sani, 2023). Manual parking management is prone to human error and fails to provide timely, accurate data essential for efficient operations. Consequently, drivers waste time circling lots, exacerbating traffic congestion and environmental issues (Oluwaseun, 2024). Furthermore, the absence of integrated digital systems prevents real-time monitoring and dynamic allocation of parking spaces, leading to underutilization or mismanagement of resources. This study investigates the development of an IoT-based smart parking management system designed to overcome these challenges through real-time data collection and efficient management solutions, thereby enhancing the shopping experience and promoting sustainable urban development.
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based system for real-time monitoring and management of parking spaces.
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To assess the impact of the smart parking management system on reducing traffic congestion in shopping centers.
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To evaluate user satisfaction and operational efficiency post-implementation of the system.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based smart parking management system in optimizing parking space utilization in shopping centers?
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What key challenges are encountered in integrating IoT technologies with existing parking infrastructures?
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How does the implementation of the smart parking system impact traffic congestion and user experience?
Significance of the study:
This study provides crucial insights into the benefits of IoT-based parking management by offering empirical data on its potential to reduce congestion and enhance user experience. Its findings will guide policymakers and shopping center managers in adopting innovative parking solutions that promote efficient urban mobility and improved operational performance.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to developing and evaluating an IoT-based smart parking management system for shopping centers in Birnin Kebbi LGA, Kebbi State. It does not encompass broader IoT applications in other urban sectors.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data.
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Smart Parking Management System: An automated system that monitors and manages parking space occupancy using IoT technologies.
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Parking Utilization: The effective use of available parking spaces to meet demand.
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